Which technique aligns with the process of planning before drafting in a writing curriculum?

• A. Dictation and copying
• B. Speed-writing without planning
• C. Rote memorization of models
• D. Techniques to plan, revise, and edit

Answer: (D)

Planning before drafting starts with giving students concrete ways to organize their ideas, purpose, and audience before they write. When writers take time to brainstorm, outline, or use graphic organizers, they map out the main points, decide the best order for those ideas, and identify what evidence or details will support their message. This prewriting step makes the drafting stage smoother and more coherent because the writer already has a clear plan to follow.

The technique that best aligns with this approach explicitly centers on planning and also integrates the ongoing work of refining the piece through revision and editing. It provides structured methods to prepare before writing and then improve the draft, reflecting how a thoughtful writing curriculum supports planning as a first step in the writing process. In contrast, dictation and copying, speed-writing without planning, and memorizing models focus on reproduction, speed, or recall rather than organizing ideas ahead of drafting, so they don’t fit as well with planning before drafting.